Principles of Operation of Digital Cameras.
You cannot compare the digital photo with the analog one (that applies slides or negatives). From a technological perspective it is rather closer to the video filming that gets an image at any one time
Let's consider how the analog camera works.
Simply speaking, the analog camera consists of the system of lens, diaphragm and shutter; the light, having focused in the objective-glass, passing through the aperture at a time until the shutter is open, falls on a photosensitive film. Under the action of photochemical processes the picture is "recorded" on film and in the future it can be restored by developing.
Though digital cameras look like as analog, they apply various principles of work. Both cameras have the system of lens, diaphragm and shutter, but recording methods differ drastically. The digital camera stores photos in digital format on the special media. Closer examination helps to understand the difference in working methods.
The heart of a digital camera is CCD (charge coupled device) hidden behind the aperture and consists of a photosensitive semiconductor elements made from a lot of silicon diodes. When the light reaches the CCD, it charges every element - pixel individually.
This charge in the future corresponds to an electric pulse, and so we get the data in digital form about illumination of each pixel. Since it is impossible to record all information about the whole image, but in future it is processed by software to recover lost data and recorded on magnetic media. Thus, the digital photography is a combination of CCD sensor, software and memory cards, replacing the film in the analog camera.
CCD matrix is not bigger than the nail on the finger, and contains a few millions of light-sensitive diodes, placed on the surface of the matrix in the form of columns. As the matrix responds only to the brightness, the digital camera is able to reproduce only black and white image. Nevertheless, there is a way to capture all the colors of the image by applying diverse color filters in the objective lens: red, green, blue, or a combination of colors that gives the most realistic picture.
Let's consider how the analog camera works.
Simply speaking, the analog camera consists of the system of lens, diaphragm and shutter; the light, having focused in the objective-glass, passing through the aperture at a time until the shutter is open, falls on a photosensitive film. Under the action of photochemical processes the picture is "recorded" on film and in the future it can be restored by developing.
Though digital cameras look like as analog, they apply various principles of work. Both cameras have the system of lens, diaphragm and shutter, but recording methods differ drastically. The digital camera stores photos in digital format on the special media. Closer examination helps to understand the difference in working methods.
The heart of a digital camera is CCD (charge coupled device) hidden behind the aperture and consists of a photosensitive semiconductor elements made from a lot of silicon diodes. When the light reaches the CCD, it charges every element - pixel individually.
This charge in the future corresponds to an electric pulse, and so we get the data in digital form about illumination of each pixel. Since it is impossible to record all information about the whole image, but in future it is processed by software to recover lost data and recorded on magnetic media. Thus, the digital photography is a combination of CCD sensor, software and memory cards, replacing the film in the analog camera.
CCD matrix is not bigger than the nail on the finger, and contains a few millions of light-sensitive diodes, placed on the surface of the matrix in the form of columns. As the matrix responds only to the brightness, the digital camera is able to reproduce only black and white image. Nevertheless, there is a way to capture all the colors of the image by applying diverse color filters in the objective lens: red, green, blue, or a combination of colors that gives the most realistic picture.
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