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Independent Films

By Paula Bard


Independent film making frequently takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major flick studio. Creative, business, and technical reasons have all contributed to the expansion of the indie film scene in the latter 20th and early 21st century.

On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative decisions in cast and crew. There's a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Brothers. In 2000 were partnerships, up from 10% in 1987). An optimistic director is almost never given the chance to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios barely produce films with unknown actors, especially in lead roles.

Before the arrival of digital options, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a conventional studio film. The price of 35 mm film is out pacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.

But the appearance of customer video recorders in 1985, and very significantly, the coming of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to film production seriously. Both production and post-production costs have been seriously decreased; today, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.

Since the advent of DV technology, the way of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can possibly shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. Nevertheless while the way of production could be democratized, financing, distribution, and selling remain difficult to accomplish outside of the normal system. Most independent filmmakers depend on film holidays to get their films spotted and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets like YouTube and Veoh has further modified the film making landscape in ways that are still to be decided.

An open content film is very like an independent film, it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to permit other parties to form fan fiction or derivative works, than a standard copyright. Like independent film making, open source film making happens outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.




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